The student of the history of science find that the Muslims established a number of science, suggesting that the thing it shows on the intellectual advancement of the Muslims, and their effectiveness substances, I will refer to some of the science and explained some of the features, and point out the role of Muslims in the creation or development. Principles of pedagogy:
Create Imam Al-Shafi'i (150-205 AH) Flag of jurisprudence and a particular knowledge of the Islamic nation does not know the other nations, have been studied Shafi'i fiqh in the city Mttelmma by Imam Malik ibn Anas, and took the jurisprudence of the Hijaazis, then went to Iraq and met with Muhammad bin Hassan Shaibani student Imam jurist Abu Hanifa Iraq and taking him jurisprudence Iraqis, and the arena was divided between a school of fiqhOpinion, a school talk, and wrote Shafei "message", which was the nucleus for the information of the assets of jurisprudence, which he spoke about the private, public, and the absolute and unrestricted and the doctrine of the Companion and interest sent, and explain how to reconcile the talk different, and select the assets of measurement, etc. ...
It should be noted that universities in France, decided to take advantage from the knowledge of jurisprudence and to create the pedagogy of law, in order to be a point of reference in the extraction of legal opinions is also a science reference in jurisprudence and the advisory jurisprudence.
Chemistry:
Chemistry science founded by Muslims and taking its name from the Arabic language, and there are two possibilities to derive the name of the chemistry:
I: derivation of the quantity or amount, because the scholars of Muslims when he founded the science they used to say, if we add a quantity of such material to two quantities of other material as well as a result.
II: derivation of Ulster, came in, as Ibn perspective: an Arab word that chemistry is derived from a quantitative thing Tkmah: a jacket, and quantitative certificate Iquemeta quantified Okmaha: Any concealed and suppressed. It was reported by Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Khwarizmi who died in 387 AH in the book "Keys of science", he said: "The name of this industry chemistry, an Arab and derived from quantitative to smoke: the cover and concealed," so the highest-Razi books in Chemistry "secrets" and "The Secret of Secrets".
Deliberated European languages Arabic name for the chemistry was working with them is the name Al-Chemie.
It was chemistry by Muslims laced consensus theory or magic and witchcraft, and the consensus is that Muslims are the ones who started this science a new beginning based on the principle of the experiment and seen prior to the issuance of opinion, and Geber recommends his disciples interesting scientific experiments with AC in a note developments and conditions , and stresses the consensus as well as toMuslims discovered the theory of relativity in the Federation of materials prior to chemotherapy, "Proust" five centuries, says this theory: The material does not interact only with weights fixed, the law of ratios, chemical pollutants in the Union.
Pharmacology:
Muslims are the founders of Pharmacology and ascended by upgrading real, and they have risen in nursing from the level of trade in drugs to the level of independent work, Asiroh private profession, people who were way ahead of other nations in the establishment of pharmacies, and the preparation of medicines, and to establish control over pharmacies and pharmacists, the establishment of schools for the education of invoking medicines, and knew two types ofPharmacies: fixed and mobile, but mobile was like something hospital field, where they were carrying the beauty of the remote location affected or to prison or the army to the battlefield, also known Muslims private pharmacies and public, has been to every hospital pharmacy of its own, and the public pharmacies they knew was in the eighth century AD during the reign of CaliphAbbasid al-Mansur.
Urbanism:
Between Ibn Khaldun (732-808 e) the subject of this science, said, said: Population, social and human damage that construction of the symptoms and conditions.
It was the former on the Ibn Khaldun parts per Mbageshm social, talked some about the policy of the Kings, among others, spoke the other for the ideal society, but Ibn Khaldun studied the emergence of society and its development and dissolution, and ailments, and investigated in the search all phenomena without exception, economic, social, political, etc. .. .
Ibn Khaldun, considered that all knowledge of the laws that are not bettered, has identified the following laws: the law of causality, the law of similarity, the law of contrast.
The Ibn Khaldun emphasized the need to meet human for two reasons:
I: having rights to cooperation with members of the sex of the inability of the individual to secure their food alone. And second: the need to defend himself, man gets in collaboration with the sons of sex-making machines that acting on behalf of birds of prey put up a defense when an animal.
Ibn Khaldun then studied the factors affecting the society and in the diversity of architecture, featuring natural factors such as region, climate, soil, and separation of social factors such as: customs, traditions, and neurological and religion, and economics.
Distinguishes Ibn Khaldun in his study between two types of construction: the Bedouin and urban, and then mention the properties of construction Nomad shows that the earlier of the urban is characterized by a strong nerve, and then lists the characteristics of urbanization recalled that with plenty of trades, business, and gains and development of science and indulge in luxury, desire and weak nerve.
And Ibn Khaldun speaks of the state and distinguish between the presidency and the King, and states that the state does not exceed the age of three generations, and separates recipes of each generation, then The phases of the state sequence associated with the generations, which ends with the collapse of the state.
Trigonometry:
The founders of the real trigonometry are the Muslims, for they have separated from astronomy, and organized structured very similar to organized talk, and they are the first to use shades of fullness and cutouts, pockets, and pockets of fullness in the measurement of angles and triangles, and they who organized the tables of the shadows and completeness and breakers and completeness also found a way to put tables of the pockets, they who have found a wayEnabled them to calculate the area of triangles spherical, confirming the role of Muslims foundation in trigonometry that the word pocket word Arab, have praised the role of Muslims in the establishment of trigonometry number of writers, including "Ram Landau" in his book (affecting the Civilization of the Arabs), said: "The account triangles in Europe was taken from the trig to Muslims. "
Algebra:
Invented by Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (780-846 AD) at the request of the Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun, in Europe called the calculations that are part of the departments of Aljbarb (Allogarzm) Logaritmi a word derived from the name of the algorithm the author of this science.
Has helped Algebra Muslims to solve the problems of calculation in the field of buying and selling with neighboring countries due to different currencies, weights and the contract system, and solving the problems of astronomical calculations and calculate the circumference of the planet and areas of countries, cities and areas of streets and rivers and loss of homes, and to solve problems, wills and inheritance and the division of inheritance complex.
Came Voshmua other scientists in the development of algebra, including: Banani, Ibn Yunus of Egypt, Ibn al-Haytham, Omar Khayyam, and many others as they arrived this flag to the top of perfection.
There is no doubt that the preferred algebra heavily on the recent rise can not be imagined without it, or say more accurately that he could not play and prosper without him, because he entered into all modern industries: automotive, aircraft, trains, space rockets ... !